Tungsten yɛ ade a ɛyɛ paramagnetic, ɛnyɛ ferromagnetic ade. Ne magnetism no fi ɛlɛtrɔnik a ɛkyinkyini wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik akorade a wɔanhyɛ mu ma mu titiriw, nanso nkitahodi a ɛda magnetic bere ntam no yɛ mmerɛw, na ɛmma magnetization a ɛyɛ kɛse no ntumi nkɔ.
Sɛ yɛrehwehwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ magnetic wiase no mu a, yɛtaa hyia magnetic nneɛma ahorow te sɛ paramagnetism ne ferromagnetism. Enti, magnetism bɛn na dade tungsten no yɛ ne dea?
Nea edi kan no, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma nsusuwii atitiriw a ɛfa paramagnetism ne ferromagnetism ho no mu da hɔ. Paramagnetic nneɛma yɛ nneɛma a, wɔ magnetic field a wɔde di dwuma ase no, magnetic moments a ɛwɔ atom anaa molecules a ɛwɔ ade no mu no hyia kakra wɔ field no kwankyerɛ so, na ɛde magnetism a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ba. Nanso, ferromagnetic nneɛma wɔ magnetism a emu yɛ den na etumi fi ne ho yɛ macroscopic magnetization bere a magnetic field a wɔde di dwuma nni hɔ no. Magnetization no da abusuabɔ a ɛnyɛ linear adi wɔ magnetic field ahoɔden ne ahoɔden a ɛwɔ field no ntam.
Wɔ dade element tungsten fam no, ne magnetic su no yɛ paramagnetic titiriw. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ ɛlɛtrɔnik nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ tungsten atɔm mu no ma ɛlɛtrɔnik akorade dodow bi a wɔanhyɛ mu ma ba, na ɛlɛtrɔnik a ɛkyinkyini wɔ saa akorade a enni ma yi mu no betumi ama magnetic moments aba. Nanso, nea ɛnte sɛ ferromagnetic nneɛma no, tungsten atɔm ahorow no magnetic moments no di nkitaho mmerɛw, entumi nyɛ magnetic domain nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den, na enti, enni macroscopic magnetism a ɛho hia. Wɔ abɔnten so magnetic field nkɛntɛnso ase no, tungsten magnetic moments no hyia kakra wɔ field no kwankyerɛ so, na ɛde paramagnetic tumi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ba.
Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na yɛanya ntease a emu dɔ wɔ tungsten paramagnetic su ahorow ho no, yebetumi ahwehwɛ nneɛma a edidi so yi mu:
1. Ɛlektrɔnik Nhyehyɛe ne Magnetic Moment Generation
Sɛ́ dade a ɛsakra no, tungsten wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den. Wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik akorade a ne fã bi ahyɛ mu ma mu no, ɛlɛtrɔnik a ɛkyinkyini no ma magnetic moments ba. Saa bere yi yɛ basabasa bere a abɔnten magnetic field biara nni hɔ no, nanso sɛ wɔde magnetic field bi di dwuma pɛ a, magnetic tumi no ma ɛne ne ho hyia kakra.
2. Nkitahodi a Ɛda Magnetic Bere Ntam
Ɛwom sɛ tungsten atɔm wɔ magnetic moments de, nanso nkitahodi a ɛda wɔn moments ntam no yɛ mmerɛw koraa. Eyi ne magnetic domain nhyehyɛe a ɛne ne ho di nkitaho denneennen wɔ ferromagnetic nneɛma mu no bɔ abira kɛse. Wɔ ferromagnetic nneɛma mu no, nkitahodi a ɛda magnetic domains a ɛbɛn ho ntam no betumi ama macroscopic magnetism a ɛho hia aba ade no mu. Nanso, tungsten ntumi nyɛ magnetic domain nhyehyɛe a ɛte saa ara esiane nkitahodi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛda ne magnetic moments ntam nti.
3. Macroscopic Magnetic Suban a Ɛyɛ Fɛ
Esiane sɛ nkitahodi a ɛda tungsten magnetic moments ntam no yɛ mmerɛw na entumi nyɛ macroscopic magnetization nti, ɛda paramagnetic tumi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nkutoo adi wɔ magnetic field a wɔde di dwuma ase. Sɛ wɔde toto magnetism a emu yɛ den a ferromagnetic nneɛma da no adi ho a, saa nkɛntɛnso yi nyɛ hwee.
